types of seismic waves pdf

10 0 obj They are the energy that travels through the earth and is recorded on seismographs. <> Secondary, S or Shear Waves are also called transverse wave. Both have waves that carry energy away from the disturbance. �� JFIF ` ` �� ZExif MM * J Q Q Q �� C Seismic Waves and the Slinky: 4-page Lesson Plan/Handout Slinky4.doc. `Seismic Waves These are the waves of energy caused by the sudden breaking of rock within the earth or an explosion. <> P-waves, or primary waves, are the fastest moving type of wave and the first detected by seismographs. ,¾zqa@G÷‘|?ƒõæ`ı~ÛJË´øÑäıŠ‡ß§c¶Şy\¢¶˜5`s3íe|�Ê÷\>—ÌÊª\-/ (skin-effect) represent another type of surface waves. [ 12 0 R] 14 0 obj The first type of body wave is the P wave or primary wave. by mapping seismic gaps, scientists can identify which areas are most at risk within a timeframe of 30 to 100 years 3. <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 720 540] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> This is the fastest kind of seismic wave, and, consequently, the first to 'arrive' at a seismic station. Seismic wave, vibration generated by an earthquake, explosion, or similar energetic source and propagated within the Earth or along its surface. 11 0 obj 9 0 obj 16 0 obj 17 0 obj endobj In these waves the particles vibrate at … Earthquake waves, more commonly known as seismic waves, are vibrations generated by an earthquake and propagated within Earth or along its surface. The two main types of waves are body waves and surface waves. 2. Analogously, surface elastic waves can propagate along the surface of an elastic substance. P waves in a liquid or gas are pressure waves, including sound waves. D¾î¸óñåFÂÄ=JÁ½�Äà”†©~k(àş1?‘»¬½dY|aå‰Š&§@a%v©Ôï ì²²ƒï»�â�2éÔRKt÷QÂP¦]{�İç./ü=ı~2Æ†OÅu`„%,:•W¸¨�-:ÏÙVªÉWo.¡Ò07eq$»Mj!z�0å‡¬&í¥"§"-‘ iK�´Ïä9. Earthquakes generate four principal types of elastic waves; two, known as body waves, travel within the Earth, whereas the other two, called surface Body waves are waves you have likely heard of before, P waves and S waves. Types of Seismic Waves There are several different kinds of seismic waves, and they all move in different ways. <> The first two are body waves, the latter two are surface waves. <> Waves: Introduction and Types A wave is a transfer of energy through a medium from one point to another. A four-page version of the Seismic Waves … endobj B 28. Types Two types of seismic waves are p-waves and s-waves. The types of seismic waves are P waves (which are longitudinal) and S waves (which are transverse). endobj endobj P waves – Primary Waves –fastest kind of seismic wave –can move through solid rock and fluids –pushes and pulls the rock it moves through just like sound waves push and pull the air –P waves are also known as compressional waves, because of the pushing and pulling they do (longitudinal waves) %PDF-1.5 <> The two types of body waves are P-waves (for primary) and S-waves (for secondary). Analogously, surface elastic waves can propagate along the surface of an elastic substance. Seismic Waves There are two basic types of seismic waves: body waveswhich travel through the body of the earth and sur- face waveswhich travel around the surface of the earth. When the released energy comes on the surface of the earth, that time generated waves are known as L- waves. B 27. Sometimes animals can hear the P waves of an earthquake. P waves act like an accordion, and move parallel to the propagation direction. (slide 12) Rayleigh waves are another type of surface wave. 4 0 obj Types of Seismic Waves One category of seismic waves are body waves. A 23. using seismic refraction, surface-wave methods) and the presence of geological layers due to their seismic reflectivity (e.g. As it flows through contraction and expansion of substances, it is called contraction wave. endobj A The focus of the earthquake is directly below the epicenter. 8 0 obj Whereas body waves travel through a medium, surface waves travel along surfaces and interfaces. Seismic waves make the ground vibrating to all directions from the starting point of the earthquake. There are two types of waves we will investigate, P-waves and S-waves. They are the energy that travels through the earth and is recorded on seismographs. P waves – Primary Waves –fastest kind of seismic wave –can move through solid rock and fluids –pushes and pulls the rock it moves through just like sound waves push and pull the air –P waves are also known as compressional waves, because of the pushing and pulling they do (longitudinal waves) This is the fastest kind of seismic wave, and, consequently, the first to 'arrive' at a seismic station. Earthquakes produce seismic waves that can travel long distances through Earth. 3. The main wave types are body waves (P and S waves) and surface waves (Rayleigh and Love waves). Temperature - Increasing temperature causes material to soften and slows down seismic velocities. Body waves are waves you have likely heard of before, P waves and S waves. Includes activities on elasticity, demonstrating seismic wave types with the Slinky, water waves in a wave tank, wave velocity, and the Human wave demonstration. Seismic waves can be defined as, “the waves of energy caused by the sudden breaking of rock within the earth or an explosion”1. 13 0 obj $.' Types of Seismic Waves One category of seismic waves are body waves. Seismic wave, vibration generated by an earthquake, explosion, or similar energetic source and propagated within the Earth or along its surface. Seismic waves are caused by earthquakes, underground explosions, volcanic eruptions and man-made explosions that can vibrate the ground. <>>> This wave behaviour can also be used on a smaller scale by recording waves generated by explosions or ground vibrators in the search for oil and gas. Sometimes animals can hear the P waves of an earthquake. endobj The focus is the origin of the earthquake Among the many types of seismic waves, one can make a broad distinction between body waves, which travel through the Earth, and surface waves, which travel at the Earth's surface. Body waves can travel through the earth's inner layers, but surface waves can only move along the surface of the planet like ripples on water. Seismic waves can be defined as, “the waves of energy caused by the sudden breaking of rock within the earth or an explosion”1. 1 0 obj Surface waves - are of a lower frequency than body waves, and are easily distinguished on a seismogram as a result. stream endobj The P wave can move through solid rock and fluids, like water or the liquid layers of the earth. When earthquakes occur, they release energy in a form of seismic waves. The P-wave is the "fast" wave and can be called a push-pull wave, because it moves by contracting and ex-panding along a horizontal path . Body waves can be characterized as either primary or sec- ondary. P waves act like an accordion, and move parallel to the propagation direction. Along with this wave flow, the particles of the material move forward and backward, so this is called a 'push-pull wave'. The relative arrival times of different types of seismic waves is used to determine the distance of the seismograph station from the origin of the earthquake. The first type of body wave is the P wave or primary wave. Earthquakes generate four principal types of elastic waves; two, known as body waves, travel within the Earth, whereas the other two, called surface Surface waves travel along the surface of the ground and are slower and more destructive than body waves. types of seismic waves and interaction of seismic waves with shallow ambient tectonic stress Norman H. Sleep 1and Nori Nakata 1Department of Geophysics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA Abstract Strong seismic waves bring rock into frictional failure at the uppermost few hundred meters. 3. In this lesson, we discussed four types of seismic waves: P-waves, S-waves, Rayleigh waves and Love waves. Slinky4.pdf. P-waves endobj �ѲF�˜g#��OӨ��o*(� Waves come in two different forms; a Transverse Wave which moves the medium perpendicular to the wave motion, and a Earthquakes radiate seismic Types. Similar waves, which are generated by earthquakes, artificial explosions and analogous sources, and pr~pagate along the Earth's surface, are referred to as seismic surface waves. endobj S-waves, or secondary waves travel more slowly than P waves. endobj 7.2.1 Seismic waves • Waves in a mass- spring system • Acoustic waves in a liquid or gas • Seismic waves in a solid • Surface waves • Wavefronts, rays and geometrical attenuation • Amplitude and energy Waves in a mass- spring system A simple physical model that is useful for describing the motion of a Key 21. Seismic Waves is a browser-based tool to visualize the propagation of seismic waves from historic earthquakes through Earth’s interior and around its surface. <> Body waves - arrive before the surface waves emitted by an earthquake. They cause a rolling motion along the surface of the ground, similar to the movement of ocean waves. Characteristics-1 As the wave moves towards it, the rock is tremble in parallel to it, it is known as a longitudinal wave.2. Types of seismic waves. x�mͽ�0��Kzg&��0�:0��l2��d��,��G��!��:ls��:ǈ��ȱ�Ոbz7dP��R9�nH��`�~IW�VS��" P-waves and S-waves are sometimes collectively called body waves. (skin-effect) represent another type of surface waves. �N(�5�*��դB��ys��A�`$aI��h{B_5y,)��N�@+ՠϔ"��RLK�Į,t�-�V��t9jQ�Xb�*�Ԫ�$�0Yur��$��th��.��DI��/�$R�'�֣��$:��y>ٯn?޸� �F��-��g;��6#2ru]�K(L��禹�i�B��Äd�,��*��b0+��~?�=�H}'��N��/��iI�nh��p��,�9��n��c��[$v�)��J\We�W��{C�a��s�b��l��m��#�|D�ö^猰�j�d��yA��v��Ǧ��2��ji�#7|�x7�H*��N��s��s��A�v"��j��&\mw�[�!�M2*6��L�E0��h)�:2�;0��d7�$sGe��o��s�2�0߬��]�TP&c"�� xٲ��{wmEv�2_�I��p��_p�m�iL�>m��&L��l��C��t0;U Some of the worksheets for this concept are Seismic waves, Wave types word bank, , All about waves notes outline answers, Work extreme earth, Activitiesseismicwaves and seismiceruption, What are seismic waves, Unit 4 … Waves in a form of seismic waves body waves are waves you have likely heard of before, waves! Slow-Down, or primary wave types are body waves travel through the.! The seismic velocity structure of the earthquake is directly below the epicenter move through solid rock fluids! 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